After the partition of India most of the well known Harappan sities-Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Chanhudaro and Jhukar(near Larkana, Sind)-went to Pakistan, leaving only two outposts, Kotla Nihang Khan near Ropar on ten Sutlej in Punjab, and Rangpur on the Bhadar in Kathiawar Gujarat, within the territory of India.Marshall at Mohenjodaro(1922-27)completed their excavations. However, this new civilization could be recognized as a distinct cultural entity only when M.S.When Marshall announced the discovery of this civilization in a London weekly in 1924,it created a great sensation among the Old World archeologists.With the trial digging by Daya Ram Sahni in 1921 at Harappa, and by R.D.Banerjee in 1922 at Mohenjodaro, conclusively proved the existence of a great civilization.John Marshall, then Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India(ASI), and his men-especially M.S.Vats-made a spectacular Discovery:the Indus valley civilization and the twin cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro.In 1886 a few more Harappan seals were published by M.L.Dames, and J.F.Fleet published two others.He identified Harappa with po-fa-to or po-fa-to-do visited by Hieun-Tsang.Cunnigham conducted a limited excavation of the site and published a few Objects(such as seals)as well as the site-plan.Alexander Cunningham visited Harappa twice, first in 1853 and then in 1856 and recorded the existence of a series of mounds.A.Burnes also reported the existence of a ruined citadel on the river-side of the town in 1834.The earliest reference to the presence of an ancient site at Harappa was recorded by C.Masson in 1826(Published in 1842).
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